Indian politics

Drainage system in india

The Indian rivers are divided into two groups:

    1.The Himalayan rivers

    • Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial means that they have water throughout the year. The Himalayan rivers receive water from rain as well as from melted snow from the lofty mountains.
    • The two major Himalayan rivers are the Indus and the Brahmaputra originate from the north of the mountain ranges.

    2.The Peninsular rivers

    • Genrally the Peninsular rivers are seasonal, as their flow is dependent on rainfall.
    • The Peninsular rivers mostly have shorter and shallower courses as compared to their Himalayan counterparts.

The Himalayan rivers

  • The important Himalayan rivers are the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
  • A river alongwith its all tributaries is called a river system.

    • The Indus River System

  • The river Indus originates in Tibet, near Lake Mansarowar.
  • It enters India in the Ladakh.
  • Many tributaries of Indus river such as the Nubra,the Zaskar the Shyok and the Hunza, join with Indus in the Kashmir region.
  • The Indus flows through Baltistan in pakistan and Gilgit and emerges from the mountains at Attock.
  • The Satluj, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum Which are flowing in India join together to enter the Indus near Mithankot in Pakistan.
  • The Indus flows southwards and uttimately reaching the Arabian Sea, east of Karachi.
  • Some part of Indus river basin is located in India Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and the rest is in Pakistan.

    • As perthe regulations of the Indus Water Treaty (1960), India can use only 20 per cent of the total water carried by the Indus river system. This water is used for irrigation purpose only in Punjab, Haryana and the southern and the western parts of Rajasthan.


    The Ganga River System

  • The Ganga river comprises two water strems ‘Bhagirathi’ is fed by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand.
  • The Ganga originates from the mountains on to the plains at Haridwar, .
  • The Ganga is joined by many tributaries such as the Yamuna (originating from Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas), the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi.(originating from Nepal Himalaya)
  • Yamuna river flows parallel to the Ganga on its right bank tributary meets the Ganga at Allahabad
  • The main tributaries rivers , which originate from the peninsular uplands, are the Chambal, the Betwa and the Son.
  • The length of the Ganga is about 2525 km.

    • The Namami Gange Programme is an Integrated Conservation Mission of Govt. of India. It is approved as a ‘flagship programme’ by the Union Government in June 2014 to accomplish the twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of the national river, Ganga.


    The Brahmaputra River System

  • The Brahmaputra originates in Tibet east of Mansarowar lake very close to the sources ofthe Indus and the Satluj.
  • It enters in India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge. Here, it is called the Dihang
  • it is joined by the Dibang, the Lohit, and many other tributaries to form the Brahmaputra in A ssam.
  • Brahmaputra is called as the Tsang Po in Tibet and Jamuna in Bangladesh.
  • It creates many riverine islands, Majuliis one world’s largest riverine island formed by the Brahmaputra

The Peninsular rivers

  • The major rivers of the Peninsular part of India , such as the the Godavari,Mahanadi the Krishna and the Kaveri flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal.
  • These rivers make deltas at their mouths.
  • There are many small streams flowing west of the Western Ghats.
  • The Narmada and the Tapi are two long rivers, which flow west and make esturies.

    • The Narmada Basin

  • The Narmada originates/rises from the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh.
  • The Narmada flows towards the west in a rift valley formed due to faulting.
  • On the course of journey to sea, the Narmada creates many picturesque locations. Near Jabalpur, where the Narmada river flows through a deep gorge, and the ‘Dhuadhar falls, where the river plunges over steep rocks.
  • The Narmada river basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
  • All tributaries of the Narmada river are very short and most of these join the main stream at right angles.

    • The Tapi Basin

  • The Tapi rises in the Satpura ranges, in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh.
  • It also flows in a rift valley parallel to the Narmada but it is shorter in length.
  • Its basin covers parts of Gujarat,Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra.
  • The main west flowing rivers are Mahi,Sabarmati, Bharathpuzha and Periyar.

    • The Godavari Basin

  • The Godavari is the largest Peninsular river. It rises from the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra.
  • Its length is about 1500 km & drains into the Bay of Bengal.
  • The basin covers mostly parts of Maharashtra (about 50 per cent of the basin area lies in Maharashtra), Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
  • The Godavari is joined by a number of tributaries, such as the the Wardha,Purna, the Pranhita, the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Penganga.
  • it is also called as the Dakshin Ganga.

    • The Mahanadi Basin

  • The Mahanadi emerges from the highlands of Chhattisgarh.
  • It is flowing through Odisha to reach the Bay of Bengal.
  • Its drainage basin is shared by Chhattisgarh,Maharashtra, Jharkhand,and Odisha.

    • The Krishna Basin

  • It originates Mahabaleshwar & flows for about 1400 km and reaches the Bay of Bengal.
  • The the Koyana,Tungabhadra, the Ghatprabha, the Musi and the Bhima are some of its tributaries
  • Its drainage basin is covers by Maharasthra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

    • The Kaveri Basin

  • The Kaveri originates in the Brahmagri range of the Western Ghats and it reaches the Bay of Bengal in south of Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu.
  • Its main tributaries are Bhavani,Amravati, Hemavati and Kabini.
  • Its basin drains parts of Kerala,Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.

    • Indian city and river

    • Agra-Yamuna-Uttar Pradesh
    • Ahmedabad-Sabarmati-Gujarat
    • Allahabad-Triveni Sangam A (Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati)-Uttar Pradesh
    • Ayodhya-Saryu-Uttar Pradesh
    • Badrinath-Alaknanda-Uttarakhand
    • Banki-Mahanadi-Odisha
    • Brahmapur-Rushikulya-Odisha
    • Chhatrapur-Rushikulya-Odisha
    • Bhagalpur-Ganga-Bihar
    • Kolkata-Hugli-West Bengal
    • Cuttack-Mahanadi-Odisha
    • New Delhi-Yamuna-Delhi
    • Dibrugarh-Brahmaputra-Assam
    • Ferozpur-Sutlej-Punjab
    • Guwahati-Brahmaputra-Assam
    • Haridwar-Ganges-Uttarakhand
    • Hyderabad-Musi-Telangana
    • Jabalpur-Narmada-Madhya Pradesh
    • Kanpur-Ganga-Uttar Pradesh
    • Kota-Chambal-Rajasthan
    • Kottayam-Meenachil-Kerala
    • Jaunpur-Gomti-Uttar Pradesh
    • Patna-Ganga-Bihar
    • Rajahmundry-Godavari-Andhra Pradesh
    • Srinagar-Jhelum-Jammu & Kashmir
    • Surat-Tapi-Gujarat
    • Tiruchirapalli-Kaveri-Tamil Nadu
    • Varanasi-Ganga-Uttar Pradesh
    • Vijayawada-Krishna-Andhra Pradesh
    • Vadodara-Vishwamitri-Gujarat
    • Mathura-Yamuna-Uttar Pradesh
    • Mirzapur-Ganga-Uttar Pradesh
    • Auraiya-Yamuna-Uttar Pradesh
    • Etawah-Yamuna-Uttar Pradesh
    • Bangalore-Vrishabhavathi-Karnataka
    • Farrukhabad-Ganga-Uttar Pradesh
    • Fatehgarh-Ganga-Uttar Pradesh
    • Kannauj-Ganga-Uttar Pradesh
    • Mangalore-Netravati,Gurupura-Karnataka
    • Shimoga-Tunga River-Karnataka
    • Bhadravathi-Bhadra-Karnataka
    • Hospet-Tungabhadra-Karnataka
    • Karwar-Kali-Karnataka
    • Bagalkot-Ghataprabha-Karnataka
    • Honnavar-Sharavathi-Karnataka
    • Gwalior-Chambal-Madhya Pradesh
    • Gorakhpur-Rapti-Uttar Pradesh
    • Lucknow-Gomti-Uttar Pradesh
    • Kanpur -Ganga-Uttar Pradesh
    • Shuklaganj-Ganga-Uttar Pradesh
    • Chakeri-Ganga-Uttar Pradesh
    • Malegaon-Girna River-Maharashtra
    • Sambalpur-Mahanadi-Odisha
    • Rourkela-Brahmani-Odisha
    • Pune-Mula,Mutha-Maharashtra
    • Madurai-Vaigai-Tamil Nadu
    • Thiruchirapalli-Kaveri-Tamil Nadu
    • Chennai-Cooum,Adyar-Tamil Nadu
    • Coimbatore-Noyyal-Tamil Nadu
    • Erode-Kaveri-Tamil Nadu
    • Tirunelveli-Thamirabarani-Tamil Nadu
    • Bharuch-Narmada-Gujarat
    • Karjat-Ulhas-Maharashtra
    • Nashik-Godavari-Maharashtra
    • Mahad-Savitri-Maharashtra
    • Nanded-Godavari-Maharashtra
    • Kolhapur-Panchaganga-Maharashtra
    • Nellore-Pennar-Andhra Pradesh
    • Nizamabad-Godavari-Telangana
    • Sangli-Krishna-Maharashtra
    • Karad-Krishna,Koyna-Maharashtra
    • Hajipur-Ganga-Bihar
    • Ujjain-Shipra-Madhya Pradesh

    Important Rivers of India ---- Originates from ---- Falls into

    • Ganges- Gangotri Glacier- Bay of Bengal
    • Sutlej -Mansarovar -Rakas Lakes -Chenab
    • Indus- Near Mansarovar Lake -Arabian Sea
    • Ravi -Kullu Hills near Rohtang Pass -Chenab
    • Beas -Near Rohtang Pass -Sutlej
    • Jhelum -Verinag in Kashmir- Chenab
    • Yamuna- Yamunotri- Ganga
    • Chambal -Singar Chouri Peak, Vindhyan escarpment -Yamuna
    • Ghaghara- Matsatung Glacier -Ganga
    • Kosi -Near Gosain Dham Peak -Ganga
    • Betwa –Vindhyanchal- Yamuna
    • Son -Amarkantak –Ganga
    • Brahmaputra -Near Mansarovar Lake- Bay of Bengal
    • Narmada- Amarkantak -Gulf of Khambat
    • Tapti -Betul District of Madhya Pradesh -Gulf of Khambat
    • Mahanadi -Raipur District in Chhattisgarh- Bay of Bengal
    • Luni –Aravallis- Rann of Kachchh
    • Ghaggar -Himalayas -Near Fatehabad
    • Sabarmati -Mewar hill,Aravallis -Gulf of Khambat
    • Krishna -Western Ghats- Bay of Bengal
    • Godavari -Nasik district in Maharashtra- Bay of Bengal
    • Cauveri -Brahmagir Range of Western Ghats- Bay of Bengal
    • Tungabhadra-Western Ghats-Krishna

    Major lakes in India

    Name of lake Location Wular lake Jammu and Kashmir Loktak Lake Manipur Nagarjuna Sagar Lake Telangana Sardar Sarovar Lake Gujarat, Rajasthan Pulicat Lake Andhra Pradesh Pangong Lake Ladakh Indira Sagar lake Madhya Pradesh Shivaji Sagar Lake Maharashtra Chilika Lake Odisha Chilika Lake Odisha Vembanad Lake Kerala
    • Chilika Lake has alkaline water lake.
    • Vembanad Lake is the biggest fresh water lake in Kerala.
    • Lonar Lake is the biggest alkaline water lake.
    • Largest freshwater lake of India – Wular Lake, (J&K)
    • Largest Saline water lake of India - Sambhar, Rajasthan
    • Largest Brackish water lake of India – Chilka Lake, Orissa
    • Highest lake of India (Altitude) – Cholamu lake, Sikkim
    • Longest Lake of India – Vembanad lake, Kerala
    • Largest Artificial Lake of India – Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam)

    FAQ

    Where is Vembanad Lake located?

    Answer:Kerla

    Which is the largest freshwater lake in India?

    Answer: The largest freshwater lake in India is Wular Lake

    On which bank of river Agra is located?

    Answer: Yamuna

    Which bank of river Lucknow is situated?

    Answer:Gomati River

    Which river is located in Ahmedabad?

    Answer: Ahmedabad City is Located on the banks of the River Sabarmati

    Where is Chilika lake located?

    Answer:Odisha.

    Which river is known as Dakshin Ganga?

    Answer:the Godavari River