Indian politics

Major mountain ranges in India

India has seven major mountain ranges that have peaks of over 1000 metres.

  • The Himalaya Range
  • Karakoram and Pir Panjal Range
  • Eastern Mountain Range or The Purvanchal Range
  • The Satpura and Vindhaya Range
  • The Aravalli Range
  • The Western Ghats
  • The Eastern Ghats

The highest mountain range of India-The Himalaya

  • The Himalayan Mountain is the youngest range of India & called young fold mountain because it is formed by the collision of two tectonic plates.
  • The Himalayan mountains are divided into three parallel ranges.
    • The northernmost is the Great Himalaya or Himadri. The world’s highest peaks are located in this range of the Himalaya.
    • Middle Himalaya or Himachal lies in the south of Himadri or upper Himalaya.
    • The Shiwalik is the southernmost range.
  • Nanga Parbat and Namcha Barwa is the western and eastern point of the Himalayas.
  • Mount Everest is the highest peak of the world at 8848m lies in the Himalayan range in Nepal.

Top 10 mountain peak of the Himalayan range

  1. Everest - (Sagarmatha/Qomolangma) - 8850 mtr - Nepal-Tibet
  2. K2 - (Godwin Austen) - 8611 mtr - (Pak./China occupied Kashmir)
  3. Kanchenjunga - 8598 mtr - Nepal-India
  4. Lhotse - 8501 mtr- Nepal/Tibet
  5. Makalu - 8463 mtr- Nepal/Tibet
  6. Cho Oyu - 8201 mtr - Nepal/Tibet
  7. Dhaulagiri - 8167 mtr - Nepal
  8. Manaslu - 8163 mtr- Nepal
  9. Nanga Parbat mtr- 8125 - Pak. occupied Kashmir
  10. Annapurna mtr- 8091 - Nepal

The Himalayas can be divided into four sections :

  • Punjab Himalayas (lies between Indus and Satluj.)
  • Kumaon Himalayas (lies between Satluj and Kali.)
  • Nepal Himalayas (lies between Kali and the Tista)
  • Assam Himalayas (Eastern Himalayas) –lies Between Tista and the Dibang (Tsangpo).

Karakoram and Pir Panjal Range

  • Karakoram Range and Pir Panjal Range is situated in the North-west and south of the Himalayan Range.
  • Karakoram Range has length of 500km holds many largest peaks of Earth.
  • K2, world's second highest peak of height 8,611m lies in the Karakoram Range.
  • Hindu-Kush moutains is an extension of the Karakoram Range, which runs in Afghanistan.
  • The Siachen Glacier and The Biafo Glacier, which are world's 2nd and 3rd largest glaciers are located in Karakoram range.
  • The Pir Panjal Range is situated in southern direction of Himalayas starting from Himachal Pradesh in India and running north-west towards Jammu & Kashmir.
  • The Pir Panjal Rangerange is also called as Lower Himalayas.
  • Rivers like Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum flow in this range. The city of Gulmarg, a very important hill station in this range.

Lambert Glacier in Antarctica, is the biggest glacier in the world.

Eastern Mountain Range or The Purvanchal Range

  • The Purvanchal Range or the Eastern Mountain Range comprises of three parts:
  • 1. The Patkai-Bum Hill
  • 2.The Garo-Khasi-Jaintia Hills
  • 3.Lushai Hill (Mizo Hill).

    • Mawsynram is the wettest place on Earth (Meghalya) because of it lies in the Khasi Hill.

    This range passes through all the eastern states of India

    All the hills are extended along the border of India and Myanmar.

    Major hills of Eastern Mountain Range or The Purvanchal Range

    • Daffla Hills
    • Abor Hills
    • Mishmi Hills
    • Patkai Bum Hills
    • Naga Hills
    • Manipur Hills
    • Mizo Hills
    • Tripura Hills
    • Mikir Hills
    • Garo Hills
    • Khasi Hills
    • Jaintia Hills

The Satpura and Vindhaya Range

The Satpura and Vindhaya Range

  • The Satpura and Vindhaya Range lies in centeral India.
  • The range starts from eastern Gujarat running east through the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and ends in Chhattisgarh.
  • The satpura range is along parallels the Vindhya Range in the north, and these two east-west ranges divide Indian Subcontinent into the Indo-Gangetic plain of northern India and the Deccan Plateau of the south.
  • The Narmada River rises from north-eastern end of Satpura in Amarkantak.
  • The Tapti River originates from Satpura range, and meets at Arabian sea in Surat.
  • At eastern end, the Satpura range mountains meets the hills of the Chotanagpur Plateau.
  • It is famous for a large no of tourist spot like Panchmarhi Hill Station, Kanha National Park, Amarkantak and Omkareshwar temple.

The Aravalli Range

The Aravalli Range

  • The oldest mountain range of India.
  • It is also the oldest mountain range in the world.
  • Its total length of 800 km, covering the Indian states of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujrat.
  • It block wind carrying rain to reach Thar Desert hence Aravalli Range plays a very important role in Indian climate .
  • Guru Shikhar is the highest point of Aravalli Range (total elevation of 1722m)
  • Mount Abu the only hill station in Rajasthan, which is situated on this range.
  • Udaipur, which is also called as Venice of the East, lies in the southern slopes of Aravalli Mountains.
  • Luni,Banas, and Sabarmati are the rivers which flow through this range.

The Western Ghats

  • Western Ghats is about 1600m long mountain range that runs from Gujrat to Kanyakumari in south India.
  • This mountain range is also known "Sahyadri Mountains".
  • Nilgiris, Anaimalai and Cardomom mountain range are parts of the Western Ghats.
  • It starts from Tapti River in Gujarat and then it runs parallel to Arabian Sea crossing states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
  • Anaimalai Hills elevation of 2695 m in Kerala is highest peak of this range.
  • Some important tourist locations Jog falls, Ooty, Bandipur National Park. Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri are the important rivers in this range.

The Eastern Ghats

  • The range passes through Indian states of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
  • Eastern Ghats is mountain range running in eastern part of India & parralel to Bay of Bengal.
  • This range is not continuous and is lower in elevation than Western Ghats.
  • The Highest peak in the Eastern Ghats was Earlier is Mahendragiri .
  • presently ,The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is Jindhagada Peak
  • It has significant role in Indian agriculture as four major rivers of India i.e. Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna and Kaveri fall into Bay of Bengal through Eastern Ghats.
  • Vishakhapatnam and Bhubaneswar are two important cities located in Eastern Ghats.

FAQ

Which is the oldest mountain range in India answer?

Answer:Aravalli is the oldest mountain range in the India.

Which is the oldest mountain range?

Answer: The Urals is the world's oldest mountain range

Which is the largest mountain in the world?

Answer: Mount Everest's

Which is the highest peak of India ?

Answer:K2

Where is Doon Valley located?

Answer: The Doon Valley is wide & long valley within the Sivalik Hills and the Lesser Himalayas

Which type of mountains are Himalayas?

Answer:Fold mountains

Where is Mount Kanchenjunga located?

Answer: It is located in the eastern Himalayas on the border between Sikkim state, northeastern India, and eastern Nepal.