Introduction
India is a parliamentary democratic republic .The president of India is the head of state and the prime minister of India is the head of government.
India follows the dual polity system which is federal in nature. It consists of the central government at the centre states governments in different states and Panchayati Raj or Municipalities.It is termed as the three tiers of governance.
The Government of India is also Called as the Union Government (the Central Government) .It is established by the Constitution of India. Which is the governing authority of a union of 28 states and 8 union territories.It collectively called the Republic of India. It is seated the capital of India ( in New Delhi).
The government consists of three branches:
The executive
The legislative and
The judiciary.
The executive branch is headed by the President of India , who is the Head of State(nation) and exercises his or her power directly or with the support of officers subordinate to him.
The Legislative branch( the Parliament )consists of
The lower house (the Lok Sabha), and
The upper house (the Rajya Sabha) & the president.
The Judiciary in India has the Supreme Court at its apex. There are 21 High Courts, and numerous civil, criminal and family courts at the district level.
The parliaments of India.
The Parliament of India is known as Sansad .The Indian Parliament comprises of the President and the two Houses - Rajya Sabha or upper house (Council of States) and Lok Sabha or lower house. (House of the People).
Lok Sabha or lower house. (House of the People).
The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives of people chosen by direct election from the country on the basis of Universal Adult franchise. Maximum strength of the House is 552 members which consist 530 members to representatives of States, 20 members to representatives of Union Territories, and 2 members to be nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian Community.
Presently , two seats reservations of the Anglo-Indian was abolished (by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act) 2019 in January 2020.
At present, the total strength of the House is 543. The term of the Lok Sabha is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting unless dissolved. However in proclamation of emergency , this period may be extended by Parliament by the law for a period not exceeding one year at a time. It could not be extended in any case, beyond a period of six months after the proclamation has ceased to operate.
The Lok Sabha must held meetings 3 times a year for the Budget session(January/February to May), the monsoon session (July to August/September)and the winter session (November to December).
According to the Parliament Rules and Procedures, Question Hour is held each day at the begining of the day's proceedings for a duration of 60 minutes . Question Hour is held i.e. from 11 am to noon followed by Zero Hour from noon and lasts until the agenda for the day is taken up. Zero hour starts about 12 noon that is why it is called Zero Hour. During Zero hour M.P can raise matters of great importance without prior notice.
State wise List constituencies of the Lok Sabha
Total no of M.P from states : 523 (Seventeenth Lok Sabha)
- Andhra Pradesh : 25
- Arunachal Pradesh :2
- Assam :14
- Bihar :40
- Chhattisgarh : 11
- Goa :2
- Gujarat :26
- Haryana :10
- Himachal Pradesh : 4
- Jharkhand :14
- Karnataka: 28
- Kerala : 20
- Madhya Pradesh : 29
- Maharashtra: 48
- Manipur :2
- Meghalaya :2
- Mizoram: 1
- Nagaland : 1
- Odisha :21
- Punjab :13
- Rajasthan :25
- Sikkim :1
- Tamil Nadu : 39
- Telangana :17
- Tripura :2
- Uttar Pradesh :80
- Uttarakhand :5
- West Bengal: 41
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands :1
- Chandigarh :1
- Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu : 2
- Jammu and Kashmir: 5
- Ladakh :1
- Lakshadweep :1
- NCT of Delhi : 7
- Puducherry : 1
Total no of M.P from UT : 19 (Seventeenth Lok Sabha)
Lok sabha & Prime Ministers
| year | Prime Minister | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1952 | Jawaharlal Nehru | |||
| 1957 | Jawaharlal Nehru | |||
| 1962 | Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri Indira Gandhi | |||
| 1967 | Indira Gandhi | |||
| 1971 | Indira Gandhi | |||
| 1977 | Morarji Desai Charan Singh | |||
| 1980 | Indira Gandhi Rajiv Gandhi | |||
| 1984 | Rajiv Gandhi | |||
| 1989 | V. P. Singh Chandra Shekhar | |||
| 1991 | P. V. Narasimha Rao | |||
| 1996 | Atal Bihari Vajpayee, H. D. Deve Gowda I. K. Gujral | |||
| 1998 | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | |||
| 1999 | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | |||
| 2004 | Manmohan Singh | |||
| 2009 | Manmohan Singh | |||
| 2014 | Narendra Modi | |||
| 2019 | Narendra Modi | |||
Eligibility for member of parliament of the Lok Sabha
- He must be a citizen of India.
- He must have age greater than 25 years .
- He must be a voter for any parliamentary constituency in India.
- If the candidate of election belongs to recognised political party ,required one proposer from his/her constituency for his/her nomination.
- An independent candidate of election needs ten proposers.
- Candidates are required to make a security deposit of ₹25,000.
The Rajya Sabha
The Rajya Sabha is known as Council of States or upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. It has a maximum membership of 245 . out of 245, 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and two union territories ( Delhi and Puducherry ). The election of Rajya Sabha is indirect process by using single transferable votes through Open Ballot .
The President can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. The potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 250 (238 elected, 12 appointed the presdent of India).
The Rajya Sabha is a permanent house & one-third of its members retiring every two years. A Rajya Sabha member can hold his office for six years.One third of 233 members designates up for election every two years in even numbered year.
Eligibility for member of parliament of the Rajya Sabha
- He/she must have age greater of India.
- He/she must not be less than 30 years of age.
- He/she must be Parliamentary elector in the state from which he is seeking election.
- He/she must make and subscribe before some person authorized in that behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation asserting his/her allegiance to the constitution of India
- He/she must possess all such other qualifications as may be prescribed by the Parliament for that purpose from time to time.
The prime minister of India
Executive powers of the government in India are vested in the hands of the Prime Minister. The prime minister is the chief executive and lead member of the Union Council of Ministers .He/she directs the Union Cabinet.
The Prime Minister of India is indirectly elected by the people. He or she is appointed by the President after parliamentary election result. He/she is the leader of the political party or group of political parties .which secures an absolute majority in the lower house of parliament .
When no any political parties get majority in the election then A coalition government is a formed. In this type government, political parties cooperate to form a government. The main reason behind this is no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election. In such circumstances, leader of the groups is appointed as prime minister.
FAQ about Indian politics
How many tiers of government are provided by Indian Constitution?
Answer: Three
What is the minimum age to become a member of Lok Sabha?
Answer: 25 years
What is the minimum age to become a member of Rajya sabha?
Answer: 30 years
How many memeber of the Rajya sabha retire on every two years?
Answer: About one third
What is the number of elected members in Rajya Sabha?
Answer: 238
What is the maximum number of nominated members in Rajya Sabha?
Answer: 12
How many members are there in Lok Sabha?
Answer:Lower house of the parliamnet or lok sabha has maximum 543 seats .
Who is the head of Rajya Sabha?
Answer: Upper house of the Paliamentis headed by the chairman (Vice President of India)
Social Plugin